Obesity affects the
cardiovascular system in multiple ways. Obese individuals have an increased
total blood volume to meet the perfusion needs of the increased adipose tissue.
Cardiac and stroke work indices remain normal in normotensive obese
individuals. The increase in cardiac output is also accompanied by a decrease
in systemic vascular resistance in normotensive obese individuals. Because of
increased LV workload, oxygen consumption is also increased; the oxygen
consumption increases linearly with the increase in body weight.
Health
service use and medical costs associated with obesity and related diseases have
risen dramatically and are expected to continue to rise. Besides an altered
metabolic profile, a variety of adaptations/alterations in cardiac structure
and function occur in the individual as adipose tissue accumulates in excess
amounts, even in the absence of comorbidities. Hence, obesity may affect the
heart through its influence on known risk factors such as dyslipidemia,
hypertension, glucose intolerance, inflammatory markers, obstructive sleep
apnea/hypoventilation, and the prothrombotic state, in addition to
as-yet-unrecognized mechanisms.
On the whole, overweight and
obesity predispose to or are associated with numerous cardiac complications
such as coronary heart disease, heart failure. Currently, nearly 70% of adults
are classified as either overweight or obese as compared with fewer than 40%
just 40 years ago. One can argue about the impact of overweight and mild obesity
on overall prognosis particularly without accounting for levels of
cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness). Nevertheless, very recent high-profile
data have suggested obesity may account for nearly 20% of overall mortality.
Obesity can interfere with this process by contributing to
cardiovascular disease risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
However, it also can harm the heart muscle more directly. When a person is obese, that person’s volume
of circulating blood goes up. This means that the heart has to pump a greater
volume of blood with each heartbeat, which puts strain on the heart over time.
Additionally, the heartbeat is governed by a series of electrical impulses in
the heart muscle. Obesity certainly increases total blood volume, stroke
volume, and cardiac output, so typically, systemic vascular resistance in
obesity is reduced for any given level of blood pressure.
Although most of the
increases in cardiac output in obesity are due to high stroke volume (because
heart rate is typically not increased), occasionally, heart rate may be
slightly increased as a result of increased activation of the sympathetic
nervous system. obesity is often shifted to the left as a result of increases
in filling pressure and volume, which increases CV work, also leading to left
ventricular (LV) changes with dilation and LV hypertrophy. The good news is that even modest weight loss can reduce
cardiovascular risk factors and improve heart health. Anyone who wishes to
begin a weight loss program should discuss options with his or her physician.
• Obesity and
Coronary Heart Disease
• Cardiovascular
Impact Adipose Tissue
• Congestive Heart
Failure
• Treatment of
Obesity and Heart Disease
• Weight Control
Reduce heart disease
• Heart Disease
• Obesity and risk
of chronic diseases development
• Obesity, Asthma
& Allergies: the Inflammatory Connection
• Atherosclerosis
Abstract Submission: https://obesity.conferenceseries.com/asiapacific/abstract-submission.php
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